Stem cell markers: A guide to neoadjuvant therapy in breast carcinomas

Aim: This study aims to investigate potential associations between the stem cell population and the degree of tumor regression in breast carcinomas treated with neoadjuvant therapy. Settings and Design: The study included 92 patients with breast carcinoma who received neoadjuvant therapy. Tumor regression was defined based on Miller and Payne grading system. Patients with grade 1 or 2 regression on a 5-point scale were included in group 1 (n = 37), grade 3 regression in group 2 (n = 32), and grade 4 or 5 regression in group 3 (n = 23). Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemical staining was performed on paraffin block sections of every case using CD44, CD24, CD29, CD133, ID4, and ALDH1 antibodies to detect stem cells. Statistical Analysis Used: IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) software was used for statistical analyses, and a P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Histologically high-grade tumors are more common in the near-complete/complete response group (P = 0.004). HER2-positive tumors were more common in the complete/near-complete response group (P = 0.054). Tumor cells positive for stem cell markers CD44 and CD24 were more common in the poor response group (P = 0.027 and P = 0.001, respectively). CD29 expression was reduced in the posttreatment residual tumor tissue in the near-complete/complete response group. Conclusion: High CD44 and CD24 expression may be a predictor of poor response/nonresponse to neoadjuvant therapy in breast carcinomas. Background: In recent years, stem cells have been defined as the main cell population responsible for resistance to anticancer therapies.

Triple combination of palliative oral metronomic chemotherapy in recurrent and metastatic epithelial ovarian cancer: A retrospective study

Background: Ovarian cancer is a leading cause of death from gynecological cancer in the world and in India. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity profile of oral metronomic chemotherapy (MCT) in the form of etoposide, cyclophosphamide, and tamoxifen in recurrent and metastatic ovarian cancer. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study that included those post?treatment patients who had the recurrent or metastatic disease after completion of treatment in 2018 at Regional Cancer Centre, Bikaner, Rajasthan. Forty patients who were unfit for further intensive intravenous chemotherapy were included. The oral MCT constituted etoposide, cyclophosphamide, and tamoxifen. Descriptive statistics and Kaplan?Meier analyses were performed. Progression?free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed. Results: Forty women with a median age of 62 (range: 35?80) years were enrolled in the study to receive oral MCT. The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group?Performance Status (ECOG?PS) was 0�in 28 patients and 2�in 12 patients. The best clinical response rate post?oral MCT was seen in the first 4 months. Objective response was observed in 24 (60%) of patients in the form of stable disease (19, 47.5%) and partial response (5, 12.5%). Disease progression was observed in 10 (25%) of patients. The median follow?up was 6.4 months (4.5�2 months). The median estimated OS was 6.5 months. The median estimated PFS was 3.7 months. Nineteen (47.5%) patients had grade?I/II mucositis. Grade?III/IV mucositis were observed in 9 (22.5%) patients. Thirty?seven (92.5%) patients died at the end of the study at 1 year. Dose reduction was required in 15 (37.5%) patients. Conclusion: Oral MCT was found to be an effective and well?tolerated regime with good symptomatic control and low?moderate toxicity profile in patients with relapsed and metastatic ovarian cancer. However, 22% of patients showed grade?III/IV thrombocytopenia.

Assess the Depression and Quality of Life among Women Suffering from Selected Gynaecological Cancers Attending Oncology Units of Selected Hospitals

Backgrounds: Gynecological cancers are significant and probable life-threatening diseases that harm patients' physical and psychological health. The leading cause of death in female抯 psychological problems like depression endure and can cause an extra burden during their treatment. Therefore, this study helps evaluate depression and well-being among gynaecological malignancies. Methods: Women's depression was evaluated by a standardized CES-D Scale and QOL by WHOQOL Bref scale, a sample of 100 women with cancers admitted at HSK and Kerudi cancer hospital, Bagalkot was selected using a purposive sampling technique, descriptive survey design was adopted. Statistical data were tested and scrutinized using descriptive and inferential analysis. Results: 100% of women had moderate depression. The mean percentage of depression score was 61.45% with mean and SD (37�9). Of the women, 71 % had moderate, 21%had poor, and 8% had good QOL. The mean percentage of QOL of women was 48.1% with mean and SD (62.5�.1). A Strong relation was found between depression scores with your family members known to you (?=4.52, p<0.05), Area of residence (?=3.88, p<0.05), and whether you have undergone previously any surgery for the treatment of cancer (?=8.93, p<0.05). No association was found between QOL scores with study variables. A Negative correlation (r=-0.27, p<.05) was found between depression and Total QOL scores. Conclusion: Most patients have moderate depression and moderate QOL. This study is effective in identifying depression and QOL

Development of a CLDN18.2-targeting immuno-PET probe for non-invasive imaging in gastrointestinal tumors / 药物分析学报

Claudin18.2(CLDN18.2)is a tight junction protein that is overexpressed in a variety of solid tumors such as gastrointestinal cancer and oesophageal cancer.It has been identified as a promising target and a potential biomarker to diagnose tumor,evaluate efficacy,and determine patient prognosis.TST001 is a recombinant humanized CLDN18.2 antibody that selectively binds to the extracellular loop of human Claudin18.2.In this study,we constructed a solid target radionuclide zirconium-89(89Zr)labled-TST001 to detect the expression of in the human stomach cancer BGC823CLDN18.2 cell lines.The[89Zr]Zr-des-ferrioxamine(DFO)-TST001 showed high radiochemical purity(RCP,＞99％)and specific activity(24.15±1.34 GBq/μmol),and was stable in 5％human serum albumin,and phosphate buffer saline(＞85％RCP at 96 h).The EC50 values of TST001 and DFO-TST001 were as high as 0.413±0.055 and 0.361±0.058 nM(P＞0.05),respectively.The radiotracer had a significantly higher average standard uptake values in CLDN18.2-positive tumors than in CLDN18.2-negative tumors(1.11±0.02 vs.0.49±0.03,P=0.0016)2 days post injection(p.i.).BGC823CLDN18.2 mice models showed high tumor/muscle ratios 96 h p.i.with[89Zr]Zr-DFO-TST001 was much higher than those of the other imaging groups.Immunohistochemistry results showed that BGC823CLDN18.2 tumors were highly positive(+++)for CLDN18.2,while those in the BGC823 group did not express CLDN18.2(-).The results of ex vivo biodistribution studies showed that there was a higher distribution in the BGC823CLDN18.2 tumor bearing mice(2.05±0.16％ID/g)than BGC823 mice(0.69±0.02％ID/g)and blocking group(0.72±0.02％ID/g).A dosimetry estimation study showed that the effective dose of[89Zr]Zr-DFO-TST001 was 0.0705 mSv/MBq,which is within the range of acceptable doses for nuclear medicine research.Taken together,these re-sults suggest that Good Manufacturing Practices produced by this immuno-positron emission tomog-raphy probe can detect CLDN18.2-overexpressing tumors.

Association between air pollutants and digestive system cancers: a systematic review / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To understand the relationship between air pollutants and digestive system cancers, and to provide a reference for future research and prevention and control of digestive system cancer. Methods All relevant literature published in English between 1970-2022 was searched through the databases of PubMed, web of science and Embase, and meta-analysis was used to explore the effects of specific air pollutants on digestive system cancers. Results PM2.5 was able to increase the risk of incidence or mortality of total digestive cancers by 11% (1.05 to 1.17). For specific cancers, PM2.5 was only associated with an increased risk of liver cancer in this study, with a combined RR (95% CI) of 1.31 (1.19 to 1.46), while there was no statistically significant association with other specific digestive cancers ( P>0.05）. NO2 increased the risk of incidence or mortality of total digestive cancers by 3% (1.00 to 1.07). Conclusion For specific digestive system cancers, PM2.5 has the most pronounced effect on liver cancer. More evidence is needed to support the relationship between NO2 and cancer. Currently, it has been observed that NO2 has a negative effect on overall digestive cancers. This study provides insights for the prevention and control of digestive system cancer in countries and regions with high PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations.

Advances in diagnosis and treatment of medullary thyroid carcinoma complicated with papillary carcinoma / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Thyroid cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the endocrine system, and its incidence is increasing year by year showing younger trend. The pathological types of thyroid cancer are papillary carcinoma, follicular carcinoma, medullary carcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma. Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) are the two common types of thyroid cancer. Since MTC and PTC have different biological origins, invasiveness and prognosis. Therefore, the occurrence of both medullary carcinoma and papillary carcinoma is very rare and rarely reported in China and abroad and the treatment is challenging. In this paper, we review the pathogenesis, ancillary tests, diagnosis and treatment of this disease, with the aim of providing reference for clinical treatment of patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma complicated by papillary carcinoma.

Profil évolutif de la limboconjonctivité endémique des tropiques à l'hôpital gynéco-obstétrique et pédiatrique de Yaoundé / Gynecological cancer in oncology practice in Lomé

Introduction. La limbo-conjonctivite endémique des tropiques (LCET) est une kérato-conjonctivite allergique récidivante du jeune enfant qui s'améliore après la puberté mais peut persister. Le but de cette étude était de déterminer le profil évolutif de la LCETdans notre pratique. Méthodologie. Étude longitudinale descriptive menée dans l'unité d'ophtalmologie de l'Hôpital Gynéco-Obstétrique et Pédiatrique de Yaoundé. Tous les dossiers de LCET reçus de janvier 2011 à décembre 2019 avec un recul d'aumoins deux ans de suivi ont été recensés. Les patients qui ont accepté de participer après apptéléphonique ont été inclus de janvier à mai 2021.Les variables d'étudeétaient: âge, sexe, acuité visuelle (AV), caractéristiques de la LCET selon Diallo, pronostic fonctionnel et anatomique en post puberté (plus de 15 ans). Résultats. Au total,30 patients (60 yeux) ont été étudiés. Le sex-ratio était de 2. La moyenne d'âge était de 15 ans ± 9 ans. Initialement, le prurit était le maitre symptôme (96,7%). Après un recul moyen de cinq ans, l'AV était utile chez tous les patients (100%) et la LCET stade 2 plus représentée (60%). Le nombre moyen de récidives était de trois. Les patients post pubertaires on eu une amélioration anatomique dans 56.7% des caset une aggravation dans 10%des casConclusion. Notre travail confirme l'amélioration post pubertaire globale de la LCET, nonobstant quelques formes graves depronosticpéjoratif pour la fonction visuelle.

Introduction. Tropical endemiclimbo-conjunctivitis (TELC) is a recurrent allergic kerato-conjunctivitis in young children which improves after puberty but may persist. The aim of this study was to determine the evolutionof TELCin our setting. Methodology. This was a longitudinal descriptive study conducted in the ophthalmology unit of the Yaoundé Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital. All TELC files received from January 2011 to December 2019 with a follow-up of at least two years of follow-up were identified. Patients who agreed to participate after a phone call were included from January to May 2021. The variables of interest were: age, sex, visual acuity (VA), TELC classification according to Diallo, functional and anatomical prognosis in post puberty (more than 15 years).A totalof30 patients (60 eyes) were recruited. The sex ratio was 2. The average age was 15 ± 9 years. Initially, pruritus was the main symptom (96.7%). After an average follow-up of five years, VA was usefulin all patients (100%) and TELCstage 2 was the most frequent stage (60%). The mean number of recurrences was three. Postpubertal patients had anatomical improvement in 56.7% of cases and worsening in 10%of cases. Conclusion. Our study confirms the overall postpubertal improvement ofTELC, except some serious forms with poor prognosis ofvisual function

Experience of care nurses: approaches to the principles of navigation of cancer patients / Experiencia de enfermeros de cuidado: aproximaciones a los principios de navegación de pacientes con cáncer / Experiência de enfermeiras assistenciais: aproximações aos princípios da navegação de pacientes oncológicos

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the experiences of nurses assisting cancer patients, according to Harold Freeman´s principles of navigation. Method: A qualitative study conducted in a large public hospital in the State of São Paulo in December 2021. Six nurses were interviewed using a semi-structured script with questions about the care of cancer patients and their families. The data were submitted to content analysis with theoretical framework of Harold Freeman. Results: Five categories emerged from the statements: fluidity in care; integration between teams; bond with patients and families; competencies of care nurses in the navigation of cancer patients; valorization and facilities in team training. Conclusion: According to the categories observed, we can consider that the experiences of care nurses working in an oncology unit revealed the strengthening of navigation principles contributing to the care and minimization of barriers, which can facilitate and/or soften the therapeutic path of the cancer patient.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Comprender las experiencias de enfermeros que asisten a pacientes con cáncer, según los principios de navegación de Harold Freeman. Método: Estudio cualitativo realizado en un gran hospital público del Estado de São Paulo en diciembre de 2021. Seis enfermeros fueron entrevistados utilizando un guión semiestructurado con preguntas sobre el cuidado de pacientes con cáncer y sus familias. Los datos fueron sometidos al análisis de contenido con el referencial teórico de Harold Freeman. Resultados: De los enunciados surgieron cinco categorías: fluidez en el cuidado; integración entre equipos; vínculo con pacientes y familias; competencias de los enfermeros asistenciales en la navegación de pacientes oncológicos; valoración y facilidades en la formación de equipos. Conclusión: De acuerdo con las categorías observadas, podemos considerar que las experiencias de los enfermeros asistenciales que actúan en una unidad de oncología revelaron el fortalecimiento de los principios de navegación contribuyendo al cuidado y minimización de barreras, lo que puede facilitar y/o suavizar el camino terapéutico del cáncer paciente.

RESUMO Objetivo: Compreender as experiências de enfermeiras assistenciais aos pacientes oncológicos, segundo os princípios da navegação de Harold Freeman. Método: Estudo de abordagem qualitativa, realizado em hospital público de grande porte no interior do Estado de São Paulo no mês de dezembro de 2021. Foram entrevistadas seis enfermeiras por meio de roteiro semiestruturado com questões acerca do atendimento ao paciente oncológico e familiares. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de análise de conteúdo com referencial teórico de Harold Freeman. Resultados: Cinco categorias emergiram dos depoimentos: fluidez na assistência; integração entre as equipes; vínculo com pacientes e familiares; competências das enfermeiras assistenciais na navegação de pacientes oncológicos; valorização e facilidades no treinamento das equipes. Conclusão: De acordo com as categorias observadas, podemos considerar que as experiências de enfermeiras assistenciais que atuam em unidade oncológica revelaram o fortalecimento dos princípios de navegação contribuindo para o atendimento e minimização de barreiras, o que pode facilitar e/ou suavizar o trajeto terapêutico do paciente oncológico.

Profile of gynecological cancers in a tertiary hospital, Eastern Nigeria

Introduction: there is a great diversity in the profile of cancers in the world. This study set out to analyze the profile of gynecological cancer in Federal University Teaching Hospital, Owerri, [FUTHO] (former Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Imo state, Nigeria). Methods: this was a retrospective cross sectional descriptive study of the records of women admitted in the gynecological ward in FUTHO from January 2020 to November 2022. It was analyzed using SPSS version 23.0 and reported in simple percentages for categorical variables and measures of central tendency for quantitative variables. Results: a total of 1,378 gynecological patients were admitted into the Gynaecological ward of the hospital, out of which 242 (17.6%) were cancer cases. The most common cancer over the three years in review, was ovarian, 81(33.5%), followed by cervical, 66 (27.3 %), endometrial, 65 (26.8 %), choriocarcinoma, 22 (9.1%), vulvar, 6 (2.5%) and vagina, 2(0.8%). The most common gynecological cancers in this study is very different from previous reports from Nigeria and other African countries. The pattern looks like that seen in the developed countries where endometrial and ovarian cancers top the list. Conclusion: this report shows a possible change in lifestyle and improved access to cervical cancer prevention strategies. It is also assumed that all the facilities who have recorded cervical cancer as the most common cancer can actually have a similar result as ours if a more current review is done.

A case of Constitutional Mismatch Repair Deficiency (CMMRD)

@#Constitutionalmismatch repair deficiency(CMMRD) is a hereditary predisposition of malignancy evident in childhood leukemias, lymphomas, and malignant tumors of the brain, GI tract. It is a very rare condition that affects 1 per 1 million patients. Patients with CMMRD syndrome may also manifest with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) phenotypic features, and benign masses, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract. This is a case of a 12-year old male who presented with phenotypic features of NF1, developed Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia at 7 years old and went into remission. He subsequently developed synchronous Glioblastoma and Poorly differentiated Adenocarcinoma of the rectum.This report aims to raise awareness regarding the possibility of a CMMRD syndrome in pediatric patients who present with phenotypic features of NF1, and in those patients who present with two or more malignancies in their lifetime.

Role of CTLA4 immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of colon cancers

Background: There are a wide range of diagnostic markers for colorectal cancers like detection of mutated KRAS, TP53, and APC genes. However, genetic and immunological factors have also been attributed to the cancer prognosis. The present study was carried out to evaluate the expression of CTLA-4 in colorectal cancers. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 30 resected specimens of colorectal cancer. Paraffin blocks were made on samples from tumor areas along with adjacent normal areas. Immunohistochemistry for CTLA-4 was done on the sections along with controls. Gross findings were recorded from the blocks. Blocks with section containing normal epithelium and tumor were chosen for immunohistochemistry. Results: Overexpression of CTLA-4 was observed in 43.3% of the tumors. There was a significantly high tumor infiltration among those specimens showing overexpression of CTLA-4. The observed difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). On comparing the grade of the tumor with intensity of CTLA4 uptake, it was observed that majority of the well-differentiated tumors (66.7%) had an intensity of 1+ whereas majority of the poorly differentiated tumors had an intensity of 3+ (66.7%). Conclusion: The present study has demonstrated overexpression of CTLA-4 in colorectal cancer specimens, and also highlighted the potential scope for anti-CTLA-4 agents like Ipilimumab in cancer therapy. The need for further evaluation to examine five-year survival with such immunotherapies is essential to document candid therapeutic recommendations for colorectal cancers.

Enablers & challenges of tribal women & health system for implementation of screening of non-communicable diseases & common cancers: A mixed-methods study in Palghar district of Maharashtra, India

Background & objectives: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and cancers of breast, oral cavity and cervix contribute to around 5.87 million (60%) deaths in India. Despite this, there is limited evidence on preparedness of the tribal health system in mitigating these conditions. This mixed-methods study aimed at identifying enablers and challenges using a multistakeholder approach for the screening of NCDs and common cancers in a tribal block of Maharashtra, India. Methods: This study was conducted in a tribal community of Dahanu taluka in Palghar district of Maharashtra. A total of nine focus group discussions (FGDs) among tribal women and accredited social health activists (ASHAs), 13 key informant interviews (KIIs) among auxiliary nurse midwives (ANMs) and community health officers (CHO) and facility surveys of five public health facilities were conducted. The FGDs and KIIs were conducted using guides, recorded digitally, transcribed, analyzed and triangulated to identify emerging themes. Results: The tribal women had limited knowledge about NCDs and common cancers. Paucity of health facilities, out-of-pocket expenditure, misconceptions, belief on traditional healers and inability to prioritize health were identified as major challenges. The ASHAs were recognized as a key connecting link between health system and community while provision of culturally appropriate IEC materials and adequate training were recognized as critical enablers by healthcare providers in implementing screening for NCDs and common cancers. Interpretation & conclusions: The study recommends incorporating socioculturally relevant strategies in the tribal population and strengthening health facilities in terms of infrastructure and training with involvement of ASHAs for successful implementation of the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS) through health and wellness centres.

Preparedness of primary & secondary care health facilities for the management of non-communicable diseases in tribal population across 12 districts in India

Background and objectives: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are highly prevalent in the tribal populations; however, there are limited data regarding health system preparedness to tackle NCDs among these populations. We estimated the availability of human resources, equipment, drugs, services and knowledge of doctors for NCD management in the selected tribal districts in India. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 12 districts (one from each State) with at least 50 per cent tribal population in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha and eight northeastern States. Primary health centres (PHCs), community health centres (CHCs) and district/sub-district hospitals (DHs) were surveyed and data on screening and treatment services, human resources, equipment, drugs and information systems indicators were collected and analysed. The data were presented as proportions.Results: In the present study 177 facilities were surveyed, including 156 PHCs/CHCs and 21 DHs. DHs and the majority (82-96%) of the PHCs/CHCs provided outpatient treatment for diabetes and hypertension. Overall, 97 per cent of PHCs/CHCs had doctors, and 78 per cent had staff nurses. The availability of digital blood pressure monitors ranged from 35 to 43 per cent, and drugs were either not available or inadequate. Among 213 doctors, three-fourths knew the correct criteria for hypertension diagnosis, and a few correctly reported diabetes diagnosis criteria. Interpretation & conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the health system of the studied tribal districts was not adequately prepared to manage NCDs. The key challenges included inadequately trained workforce and a lack of equipment and drugs. It is suggested that capacity building and, procurement and distribution of equipment, drugs and information systems to track NCD patients should be the key focus areas of national programmes

Non-communicable diseases as a major contributor to deaths in 12 tribal districts in India

Background & objectives: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death in India. Although studies have reported a high prevalence of NCD in tribal populations, there are limited data pertaining mortality due to NCDs. Therefore, in this study we estimated the proportion of deaths due to NCDs among 15 yr and older age group in tribal districts in India. Methods: We conducted a community-based survey in 12 districts (one per State) with more than 50 per cent tribal population. Data were collected using a verbal autopsy tool from the family member of the deceased. The estimated sample size was 452 deaths per district. We obtained the list of deaths for the reference period of one year and updated it during the survey. The cause of death was assigned using the International Classification of Diseases-10 classification and analyzed the proportions of causes of death. The age-standardized death rate (ASRD) was also estimated. Results: We surveyed 5292 deaths among those above 15 years of age. Overall, NCDs accounted for 66 per cent of the deaths, followed by infectious diseases (15%) and injuries (11%). Cardiovascular diseases were the leading cause of death in 10 of the 12 sites. In East Garo Hills (18%) and Lunglei (26%), neoplasms were the leading cause of death. ASRD due to NCD ranged from 426 in Kinnaur to 756 per 100,000 in East Garo Hills. Interpretation & conclusions: The findings of this community-based survey suggested that NCDs were the leading cause of death among the tribal populations in India. It is hence suggested that control of NCDs should be one of the public health priorities for tribal districts in India.

Comparison of the Locoregional Outcome, Toxicities, and Compliance between Hypofractionated and Conventional Chemoradiotherapy for Head‑and‑Neck Cancers

Introduction:Head‑and‑neck cancer (HNC) treatments are elusive, and the hunt for an appropriate radiation strategy continues.Hypofractionation has the potential to provide several advantages, including a shorter overall duration that reduces rapid repopulation, dosage escalation with a higher biologically effective dose, and patient convenience. Hypofractionation is also beneficial in minimizing the danger of catching an infectious agent by reducing the number of hospital visits during the height of the COVID‑19 epidemic. Materials and Methods: Between January 2020 and August 2021, 120 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head‑and‑neck subsites were randomly allocated to either the hypofractionated arm A (n = 60) or the standard fractionation arm B (n = 60) with concomitant treatment. Results:Locoregional tumor response, acute and late toxicity, and compliance were the study’s endpoints. The normal tissue toxicities of each patient undergoing radiation were monitored weekly. Clinical and radiographic evaluations of locoregional control were conducted. Conclusion:Hypofractionation effectively overcomes tumor repopulation in rapidly growing tumors such as HNC, and we conclude in our study that the hypofractionated chemoradiation schedule appears to be more efficacious, with relatively superior locoregional control when compared to conventional chemoradiation with comparable normal tissue toxicities and compliance

Assessment of quality of life among head-and-neck cancer patients

Objectives: To assess QOL of different head and neck cancer patients. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study of 35 subjects with HNC was selected based on the type of cancer. After a background study, 35 subjects were chosen classifying on the type of cancer and were assessed using an interview schedule. Results: Physical as well as emotional score was poor among the group (312.5 and 349.5). The results had a high degree of variation. Conclusion: QOL among HNC patients were concluded to be poor

Expert consensus on the treatment of early-stage multiple primary lung cancers / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#In recent years, the detection rate of multiple primary lung cancers has been increasing year by year. However, there existed discrepance in cognition and treatment modalities for multiple primary early lung cancers among different physicians, which affects the standardized treatment for early-stage multiple primary lung cancers. Therefore, based on a thorough review of domestic and foreign literature, our team proposes this expert consensus focusing on the treatment of early-stage multiple primary lung cancers in China, aiming at providing reference for physicians in early-stage multiple primary lung cancers' treatment and further improving the level of standardized diagnosis and therapy of lung cancer in China.

Associação entre variáveis demográficas e estadiamento de câncer cervical em idosas: estudo retrospectivo / Association between demographic variables and cervical cancer staging in elderly women: a retrospective study / Asociación entre variables demográficas y estadificación del cáncer de cuello uterino en mujeres ancianas: un estudio retrospectivo

OBJETIVO: Associar as variáveis sociodemográficas de idosas com câncer cervical e estadiamento de um hospital de referência oncológica. MÉTODO: Estudo observacional, retrospectivo e analítico de 559 idosas. RESULTADOS: As variáveis que apresentaram correlação estatística significativa com o estadiamento do câncer do colo do útero foram: idosas casadas, o tipo histopatológico carcinoma de células escamosas, radioterapia + quimioterapia como primeiro tratamento recebido no hospital, remissão completa da doença ao final do primeiro tratamento, sem óbitos por câncer e nunca haver fumado. CONCLUSÃO: Embora algumas características estarem relacionadas à maior prevalência, não estavam associadas ao estadiamento, como idades mais avançadas. Tratamento precoce também foi um aspecto associado a estádios menos tardios. Desta forma o estudo reafirma a importância em conhecer as características epidemiológicas dessas idosas, pois favorece o planejamento e avaliação de programas efetivos no controle do câncer do colo do útero.

OBJECTIVE: To associate the sociodemographic variables of elderly women with cervical cancer and staging of an oncology reference hospital. METHOD: An observational, retrospective analytical study of 559 elderly women. RESULTS: The variables that presented a statistically significant correlation with cervical cancer staging were: married elderly women, histopathological squamous cell carcinoma, radiotherapy + chemotherapy as the first treatment received in the hospital, complete remission of the disease at the end of the first treatment, without deaths from cancer and never having smoked. CONCLUSION: Although  some characteristics are related to higher prevalence, they were not associated with staging, such as older ages. Early treatment was also an aspect associated with less late staging. Thus, the study reaffirms the importance of knowing the epidemiological characteristics of these women, as it favors the planning and evaluation of effective programs in the control of cervical cancer.

OBJETIVO: Asociar las variables sociodemográficas de mujeres ancianas con cáncer de cuello uterino y la estadificación de un hospital oncológico de referencia. MÉTODO: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo y analítico de 559 mujeres mayores.  RESULTADOS: Las variables que mostraron correlación estadísticamente significativa con la estadificación del cáncer de cuello uterino fueron: ancianas casadas, tipo histopatológico de carcinoma epidermoide, radioterapia + quimioterapia como primer tratamiento recibido en el hospital, remisión completa de la enfermedad al finalizar el primer tratamiento , sin muertes por cáncer y sin haber fumado nunca. CONCLUSIÓN: Aunque algunas características están relacionadas con una mayor prevalencia, no se asociaron con la estadificación, como la edad avanzada. El tratamiento temprano también fue un aspecto asociado con etapas menos tardías. Así, el estudio reafirma la importancia de conocer las características epidemiológicas de estas ancianas, ya que favorece la planificación y evaluación de programas efectivos en el control del cáncer cervicouterino.

Prognostic value and potential mechanism for the role of SNHG4 in gastric cancer / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the expression, prognostic value and potential mechanism for the role of SNHG4 in gastric cancer.Methods:The expression of SNHG4 in gastric cancer was analyzed by UALCAN database. The relationship between SNHG4 and prognosis of gastric cancer was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier Plotter. SNHG4-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network was constructed by StarBase, Targetscan, microT-CDS and Cytoscape. The target genes were analysis GO and KEGG pathway enrichment by DAVID database.Results:The expression of SNHG4 in gastric cancer was significantly higher than that in normal tissues ( P=8.882E-16) . The overall survival time of patients with high SNHG4 expression was lower than that of patients with low expression ( P=8.900E-05) . Through the construction of RNA regulatory network, we found that hsa-let-7a-5p ( P=1.02E-03) , hsa-miR-152-3p ( P=4.51E-06) , hsa-miR-204-5p ( P=6.68E-04) and hsa-miR-363-3p ( P=8.06E-03) could be used as the binding sites of SNHG4 in gastric cancer, and these four miRNAs further regulated 250 downstream target genes. Through GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of the target genes, we found that these target genes played roles in the biological process of protein phosphorylation regulation, transcription negative regulation, RNA polymerase II promoter transcription, and participated in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer by blocking or activating Wnt and other signal pathways. Conclusions:SNHG4 can be used as a potential tumor marker for gastric cancer to judge the prognosis of gastric cancer. By constructing a SNHG4-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network, the pathogenesis of gastric cancer can be studied at the molecular level. This provides a clear direction for experimental and clinical research.

Research progress of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced biliary tract cancers / 国际外科学杂志

Biliary tract cancer (BTC) is a series of rare malignancies with poor overall prognosis. Radical surgery the preferred treatment option, but most patients have lost the opportunity of surgery at the time of diagnosis. At present, there are limited systematical treatment options for biliary tract cancers, and such treatments have poor efficacy and short duration of responses. In the past few years, immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy has been established as an effective systemic therapy option for many solid tumors and hematological tumors. The research for biliary tract cancer treated by of immune checkpoint inhibitors has been continuously carried out and demonstrated the anti-tumor efficacy and safety. However, in view of the low incidence and high heterogeneity of BTC more large number of clinical trials and practices need to be carried out, and the effective combination regimens and predictive biomarkers are urgent to be explored. This article reviews the recent clinical studies on immune checkpoint inhibitors for biliary tract cancer, and summarizes the ongoing clinical studies. At the same time, the predictive biomarkers of immune checkpoint inhibitors proposed by domestic and foreign researches in recent years are summarized.